Between the ages of three and five, children make significant progress in understanding their feelings, managing behaviour and building relationships. Everyday experiences such as sharing, taking turns or learning to calm down when upset are not small moments. They are the foundations of empathy, resilience and lifelong wellbeing.

Research shows these early years are critical. Around one in five children start school developmentally vulnerable in social or emotional skills, and longitudinal studies consistently link strong preschool social-emotional development with better academic outcomes, healthier relationships and fewer mental health difficulties later in life.

Development does not look the same for every child. Neurodivergent children, including those with autism or ADHD, may need more structured or explicit support to build emotional regulation and social understanding. With consistent guidance, predictable routines and responsive parenting, all children can strengthen these core skills.